Under CIP-004 R4.3, how often must user accounts be verified for correct access privileges?

Under CIP-004 R4.3, user accounts must be verified for correct access privileges at least once every 12 calendar months. This requirement emphasizes the importance of maintaining the integrity of access controls by ensuring that users have the appropriate access rights to critical systems over time. Regular verification helps prevent unauthorized access and ensures that any changes to user roles or responsibilities are reflected in their access privileges.

While options suggesting more frequent intervals, such as monthly or every six months, might seem beneficial for security, the standard specifically sets this verification at a minimum of once every 12 months to balance security with operational practicality. This cadence allows organizations sufficient time to assess user roles and monitor necessary changes without imposing overly burdensome administrative tasks.